Class 9 – Biology

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CLASS 9 – BIOLOGY

Unit 1. Fundamental units of life

Introduction, The Cell, Types of Cell, Difference between Prokaryotic and  Eukaryotic Cells, Cell Structure, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Lysosome, Golgi Complex, Plastids, Centrosome, Vacuoles, Nucleus, Chromosomes, Cell Division, Types of Cell Division, Amitosis, Mitosis, Meiosis, Plant Cell and Animal Cell, Summary

Unit 2. Tissues in Plants and Animals

Introduction, Plant Tissue, Structure of meristematic tissue, Simple Permenent Tissue, Epidermis and cork cells in Plants, Complex Permenent  Tissue, Animal Tissue, Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Skeletal Tissue, Fluid Tissue, Muscular Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Special Tissue, Summary

Unit 3. Diversity in the Living World

Introduction, Classification of Organisms, Artificial and Natural system of Classification, Classification Systems, Plant Kingdom, Cryptogams, Phenerogams, Animal Kingdom, Phylum Protozoa, Phylum Porifera, Phylum Coelenterata, Phylum Platyhelminthes, Phylum Aschelminthes, Phylum Annelida, Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Mollusca, Phylum Echinodermata, Phylum Hemichordata, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum  Urochordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Classification of Vertebrates, Class Cyclostomata, Class Chondrichthyes, Class Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes Vs Osteichthyes, Class Amphibia, Class Reptilia, Class Aves, Class Mamalia, Summary

Unit 4. Improvement of food Resources

Introduction, Improvement in crop yields, Crop variety improvement, Crop production management, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Irrigation systems, cropping patterns, Crop rotation, Crop Protection Management, Methods of weed control, Pest, methods of pest control, Disease control, Storage of grains, Prevention and Control Measures, Animal Husbandry, Cattle Farming, Disease of Cattle, Breeding, Poultry  Farming, Fish Production, Bee Keeping, Summary

Unit 5. Natural Resources

Introction, Air, The breath of Life, Role of atmosphere in climate Control, The movement of Air Winds, Movement of air in coastal Regions, Rain, Rain fall patterns, Air Pollution, Water – A wonder liquid, Importance of Water for Living Organisms, Water pollution, Mineral Riches in the Soil, Components of Soil, Degradation of Soil, Management of Natural Resources, Bio Geo chemical Cycles, Water Cycles, Nitrogen Cycles, Carbon Cycles, The Green house Effect, Oxygen Cycles, Ozone layer, Summary

Unit 6. Human Disease

Introduction, Health and its Failure, Personal and community issues of  Health, Disease and its causes, Manifestations of Disease (symptoms), Acute and Chronic Disease, Chronic disease and poor Health, Causes of Disease, Infectious disease, Human Diseases, Malaria, Diarrhoea, Cholera, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis (Jaundice), Influenza, Rabies, AIDS, Deficiency  Diseases, Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Anaemia, Goitre, Night Blindness and  Xerophthalmia, Rickets, Beriberi, Pellagra, Scurvy, Community Health, Specific ways of prevention of Diseases, Summary