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CLASS 7 – SCIENCE with following topics explained in details: Unit 1. Nutrition in Plants and Animals Unit 2. Respiration in Plants and Animals Unit 3. Reproduction in Plants and Animals Unit 4. Transport and Excretion Unit 5. Control, Co-ordination and growth in the Living Organisms Unit 6. Health and Diseases Unit 7. Organization in the living World Unit 8. Natural Resources – Water and Forest Unit 9. The Soil Unit 10. Heat Unit 11. Materials of daily use Unit 12. How things Move Unit 13. Acids, Bases and Salts Unit 14. Structure of Matter Unit 15. Electric Current and its Effects Unit 16. Static Electricity Unit 17. Light Unit 18. Sound
CLASS 7 – SCIENCE
Unit 1. Nutrition in Plants and Animals
Introduction, Types of Nutrition, Autotrophic Nutrition, Heterotrophic Nutrition, Nutrition in non- green Plants, Parasites, Saprophytes, Insectivorous Plants, Symbiosis, Different modes of procuring Food, Animal Nutrition, Steps in the process of Animals Nutrition, Nutrition in Amoeba, Human Digestive System, The Alimentation Process, The Ruminants, Components of Food, Energy from Food, Balanced Diet, Maintenance of Food Quality, Food Preservation, Prevention of Food Wastage, Summary
Unit 2. Respiration in Plants and Animals
Introduction, Respiration, External Respiration, Internal Respiration, Types of Respiration, Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Different modes of Respiration, Respiratory system of Human Beings, Nasal Cavity, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Breathing mechanism of Man, Respiration in Plants, Summary
Unit 3. Reproduction in Plants and Animals
Introduction, Reproduction, Types of Reproduction, Types of Reproduction in Plants, Natural Vegetative Propagation, Artificial Vegetative Propagation, Sexual Reproduction, The Fruit, Dispersal of fruits and seeds, Reproduction in Animals, Sexual Reproduction, Reproduction in Humans, Birth Control, Summary
Unit 4. Transport and Excretion
Introduction, Transport system in Living Organisms, Transport of water and food in Plants, Transport of materials in unicellular Organisms, Transport of materials in multi-cellular Organisms, Human Circulatory System, Types of Blood Circulation, Blood, Blood Groups, Excretory system in Living Organisms, Excretion in Plants, Excretion in Unicellular Organisms, Human Excretory Organs, The Urinary system in Man, Kidney Failure, Kidney Transplant, Dialysis, Testing of sugar in Urine, Summary
Unit 5. Control, Co-ordination and growth in the Living Organisms
Introduction, Stimulus – Response, Types of Stimuli, Types of Responses, Co ordination, The Nervous System, Sense Organs, The mechanism of response Co- ordination, Reflex Actions, Chemical co – ordination in Man, Co – ordination in Plants, Movement in Plants & Animals, Movement in Plants, Movement in Animals, Movement in Humans, Growth in Plants and Animals, Growth in Plants, Growth in Humans, Summary
Unit 6. Health and Diseases
Introduction, Good Health, Achieving good Health, Maintaining Personal Hygiene, Maintaining Domestic Hygiene, Maintaining Community Hygiene, Use of clean Food and Water, Proper Food Selection, Eating Balanced Diet, Exercise, Rest and Recreation, Vaccination, Socio-cultural Factors, Factors affecting Health, Malnutrition, Communicable Deceases, Stress, Use of habit forming Drugs, Health care Facility, Summary
Unit 7. Organization in the living World
Introduction, Levels of Organization, Lower levels of Organization, Higher levels of Organization, Biotic Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere, General basis of Organization, Summary
Unit 8. Natural Resources – Water and Forest
Introduction, Water as a Natural Resource, Sources of Water, Composition and States of Water, Water Cycle, Physical Properties of Water, Importance of water for Life, Water Pollution, Prevention of Water Pollution, Water Treatment, Water Scarcity, Methods of Prevent Water Scarcity, Effects of Water Scarcity on the Life of the People, Forest, Conservation of Forest, Interdependence of Plants and Animals, Waste Management, Sewage, Summary
Unit 9. The Soil
Introduction, Soil and its Composition, Soil Profile, Texture of Soil, Types of Soil, Soil Formation, Soil as a Natural Resource, Absorption of Water in Soil, Suitability of Soil for Crops, Climate, Weather Stations, Local Weather, Adaptations in Animals for Different Climate, Effect of Winter and Summer in Soil, Summary
Unit 10. Heat
Introduction, Heat as a Form of Energy, Effects of Heat, Expansion, Measurement of Heat, Change of State, Temperature, Thermometers, Making of Thermometer, The Temperature Scales, Different modes of Heat Transfer, Convection, Radiation, Vacuum Flask, Summary
Unit 11. Materials of daily use
Introduction, Fibres, Types of Natural Fibres, Synthetic Fibres, Corrosion of Metals, Effects of Corrosion, Methods of Preventing Corrosion, Salinity of Sea water, Summary
Unit 12. How things Move
Introduction, Time and its Measurement, Rest and Motion, Uniform and Non-uniform Motions, Scalar and Vector Quantities, Speed, Uniform Speed, Variable Speed, Velocity, Ticker – Timer, Summary
Unit 13. Acids, Bases and Salts
Introduction, Acids, General Properties of Acids, Basicity of Acids, Preparation of Acids, Uses of Acids, Bases, Composition of Bases, General Properties of Bases, Acidity of Bases, Preparation of Bases, Uses of Bases, Indicators, Neutralization Reactions, Salts, Properties of Salt, Preparation of Salt, Uses of Salts, Summary
Unit 14. Structure of Matter
Introduction, Matter is made up of Elements, Atoms and Molecules, States of Matter, Properties of Matter in Three States, Interchangeability of States of Matter, Brownian Movement, Diffusion, Compounds, Mixtures Difference between Compounds and Mixtures, Symbols and Formula, Modern method of using Symbols, Significance of Symbols, Chemical Formula, Valency, Guidelines for writing Chemical Formulae, Significance of Chemical Formulae, Chemical Reaction, Chemical Equation, Summary
Unit 15. Electric Current and its Effects
Introduction, Electric Current, Electrical Resistance, Circuits, Switch, Electric Fuse, Ammeter, Insulators and Conductors, Heating effect of Electric Current, Use of Electric Current, Magnetic filed and Magnetic lines of Force, Electro Magnetism, Magnetic field around a Straight Conductor, Magnetic field due to a Current in a Circular Coil, Magnetic field in a Solenoid, Uses of Electromagnets, The Electric Bell, Working of Electric Bell, Summary
Unit 16. Static Electricity
Introduction, Electric Charge, Like and Unlike Charges, Charging a Body, Electric Charges in Atoms, The Electron Theory, Electrification by Friction, The Electroscope, The Gold Leaf Electroscope, Flow of Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Atmospheric Electricity, Lightning Conductor, Summary
Unit 17. Light
Introduction, Light and its Sources, Effect of Light on Plants, Rectilinear Propagation of Light, Reflection of Light, Regular Reflection, Real and Virtual Images, Formation of Shadows, Eclipses, Mirror, Plane Mirrors, Spherical Mirrors, Some definitions relating to Spherical Mirrors, Formation of an Image in a Spherical Mirror, Uses of mirror, Lenses, Concave Lenses, Convex Lenses, Newton’s Colour Disc, Summary
Unit 18. Sound
Introduction, Types of Sounds, Sound Produced by Animals, Production of Sounds, Characteristics of Vibration, Characteristics of Sound, Musical Instruments, Traveling of Sound, Hearing of Sound, Speed of Sound, Reflection of Sound, Uses of Sound, Noise and its Hazards, Summary
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