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CLASS 10 – BIOLOGY with following topics explained in details: Unit 1. Nutrition Unit 2. Life Processes – Respiration Unit 3. Life processes – Transportation Unit 4. Life processes – Excretion Unit 5. Control and Co-ordination Unit 6. Reproduction Unit 7. Heredity and Evolution Unit 8. Our Environment Unit 9. Management of Resources
CLASS 10 – BIOLOGY
Unit 1. Nutrition
Introduction, Nutrition, Food and its function, Mode of Nutrition, Nutrition in Plants, Importance of Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic Organ, Site of Photosynthesis, Fundamental Requirements for Photosynthesis, Conditions Required for Photosynthesis, Reactions in Photosynthesis, Mechanism of Photosynthesis, Factors Affecting Photosynthesis, Nutrition in Amoeba, Nutrition in Grasshopper, Human Digestive System, Human Digestion, Human Digestive Glands, Summary
Unit 2. Life Processes – Respiration
Introduction, Breathing and Respiration, Functions of Respiration, Types of Respiration, Respiration in Plants, Gas exchange in plants, Respiration in Animals, Respiration through body surface, Respiration through Gills, Respiration through Skin, Respiration through Tracheae, Human Respiratory System, The Voice Box, Demonstration of breathing Mechanism, Exchange of gases in Tissues, Physiology of breathing and Respiration, Emphysema, Summary
Unit 3. Life processes – Transportation
Introduction, Transport of materials, Transportation of materials in Plants, Absorption of Water, Absorption of mineral Salts, Transport of food and other Substances, Transportation in human Beings, Function of Blood, Blood Clotting, Blood Groups, Structure of human Heart, Working of human Heart, Pulse and heart Beat, Double circulation in Man, Hepatic portal System, Lymphatic System, Summary
Unit 4. Life processes – Excretion
Introduction, Excretion, Excretory products, Excretion in Plants, Excretory organs of Animals, Organs of excretion in Man, Excretory system in Man, Anatomy of kidney, Functions of kidney, Structure of Nephron, Working of Nephron, composition of urine, Osmoregulation, Artificial Kidney, Summary
Unit 5. Control and Co-ordination
Introduction, Plant movements, Coordination in Plants, Chemical coordination in Animals, Endocrine glands and their Hormones, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Pineal gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, Thymus Gland, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Gonads, Placenta, Nervous System, Structure and working of Neurons, Nerves, Central nervous System, Divisions of Brain, Spinal Cord, Reflex actions, Simple reflex arc, Peripheral Nervous System, Cranial nerves, Spinal nerves, Autonomic Nervous System, Differences between nervous and hormonal co-ordination, Summary
Unit 6. Reproduction
Introduction, Reproduction, Types of reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Natural Vegetative propagation, Artificial Vegetative propagation, Sexual reproduction, Sexual reproduction in Plants, Pollination, Characteristics of insect pollinated flowers, Characteristics of wind pollinated flowers, Fertilization in plants, Post fertilization changes, Reproduction in Animals, Human reproductive system, Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system, Sexual cycle in female, Fertilization, Post fertilization changes, Test tube babies, Amniocentesis, Population Control, Sexually transmitted diseases, Summary
Unit 7. Heredity and Evolution
Introduction, Some early views of heredity, Accumulation of variation during reproduction, Rules of inheritance: Mendel’s contribution, Monohybrid cross, Dyhybrid cross, Mendel’s law of inheritance, Expression of Traits, Chromosomes, Genes and DNA, Structure of DNA and RNA, DNA and Genetic Engineering, Sex Determination, Environmental determination of sex, The Origin of Life, Modern theory of origin of life, Organic Evolution, Mechanism of Evolution, Theory of inheritance of acquired Characters, Theory of evolution by Charles Darwin, Modern views on organic Evolution, Speciation, Evidences of organic Evolution, Evidences from Paleontology, Evidences from Comparative morphology and Anatomy, Embryological Evidences, Evolution and Classification, Evolution by stages, Human Evolution, Summary
Unit 8. Our Environment
Introduction, Ecological balance, Environmental Problems, Pollution and pollutants, Types of pollution, Air Pollution, Common Air Pollutions, Effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Water Pollutants, Effects of Water Pollution, Control of Water Pollution, Land Pollution, Sources of Land Pollution, Land Pollutants, Effects of Land Pollution, Control of Land Pollution, Noise pollution, Radio active pollution, Ecosystem and its components, Biotic components, Abiotic components, Types of ecosystem, Food chains, Food web, The flow of energy in an ecosystem, Vegetarian food habits can provide more energy, Ecological pyramids, Biomagnification, Effects of human activities on environment, Ozone depletion, Causes of ozone depletion, Impact of ozone depletion, Control of ozone depletion, Management of garbage produced, Present garbage management practices, Sewage treatment, Conservation and Protection of Environment, Conservation of wildlife, Summary
Unit 9. Management of Resources
Introduction, Conservation and judicious use of Natural Resources, Factors to be considered for development of Resources, Potable water, Use of three ’R’s to save Environment, Forests and its conservation, Conservation of Wildlife, Dams, The effects of unplanned Technological Growth, Alternative to Dams, Water harvesting, components of water harvesting, Surface run off harvesting, Disadvantages of Rainwater Harvesting, Fossil fuels, Euronorms, Sustainability of Natural Resources, Summary
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